Country-specific license tags show the reason why a file uploaded to Wikimedia Commons is in the public domain in its country of origin.
If a file was created or first published outside the United States, another tag should show why it is in the public domain in the United States.
A file may be in the public domain in its country of origin based on the date of death of the author, date of publication, type of work, organization that commissioned the work and so on.
The list below gives information "transcluded" from page sections that give the copyright tags specific to each country or territory.
It may be incomplete.
Tags are also given for the United Nations and the European Union.
{{PD-US-no notice-UN}}: Work is excerpted from an official document of the United Nations published in the United States prior to 17 September 1987.
{{PD-UN-doc}}: documents oficials de les Nacions Unides. Published by the United Nations without a copyright notice, was left in the public domain in order to disseminate "as widely as possible the ideas (contained) in the United Nations Publications". It falls into one of the following categories outlined in Administrative Instruction ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.2 (paragraph 2):
Official records (proceedings of conferences, verbatim and summary records, periodic supplements, compilations of resolutions, etc.)
United Nations documents issued with a UN document symbol
Public information material designed primarily to inform the public about United Nations activities (not including material that is offered for sale)
The following tags apply to works published in any country which has copyright legislation harmonized to the European Union directives.
{{PD-old-70}} – for works in the public domain because their copyright has expired in countries and areas copyrighting works for life plus 70 years or less.
{{PD-anon-70-EU}} – anonymous work more than 70 years old (European Union).
{{PD-EU-no author disclosure}} – anonymous work published more than 70 years ago without a public claim of authorship and no subsequent claim of authorship in the 70 years following its first publication (European Union).
{{PD-EEA}} – Image in the public domain because it is extracted from the European Environment Agency Website, whose material is in the public domain unless otherwise stated.
{{PD-GermanGov}} – for public domain images from German statutes or other regulations.
{{PD-BW}} – for publicly available service regulations ("Zentrale Dienstvorschrift") of the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr).
{{PD-Coa-Germany}} – for German coats of arms of corporations governed by public law that are in the public domain according to German law because they are official works (§&5 Abs.1 UrhG).
{{PD-Flag-Germany}} – for German flags of corporations governed by public law that are in the public domain according to German law because they are official works (§5 Abs.1 UrhG).
{{PD-Seal-Germany}} – for German seals of corporations governed by public law that are in the public domain according to German law because they are official works (§5 Abs.1 UrhG).
{{PD-VzKat}} – for road signs published as statutes or other regulations.
{{PD-GDR stamps}} – for German stamps released as Deutsche Post der DDR.
{{PD-Meyers}} – for images from the 4th edition of Meyers Konversationslexikon (1885–90).
{{PD-Germany-§134}} – for literary works, works of music and scientific or technical images published by a legal entity under public law more than 70 years ago that do not mention the author.
{{PD-Germany-§134-KUG}} – for photographs and works of art published by a legal entity under public law more than 70 years ago that do not mention the author.
{{PD-AR-Photo}} – for Argentinian photographs first published more than 25 years ago. A proper source and date of publications has to be provided.
{{PD-AR-Movie}} – for Argentinian and cinematographic works 50 years after the death of the script writer, the producer and the director.
{{PD-AR-Music}} – for Argentinian music first published more than 70 years ago, and for free music performances done by musical ensembles belonging to the national, provincial or municipal governments.
{{PD-AR-Anonymous}} – for anonymous works belonging to an institution, corporation or legal entity, registered in Argentina published 50 years ago or more.
{{PD-AR-Signs}} – for road signs published in laws or other regulations.
{{PD-Armenia}} – for anonymous works or pseudonymous works 70 years after creation, other works 70 years after the death of the (last-surviving) author, "expressions of traditional folklore and art" or "political speeches, speeches delivered in the court," or "official documents, legal acts, treaties and the official translations thereof, state emblems and signs (flags, coats of arms, medals, monetary signs)."
{{PD-AM-exempt}} – for works of folklore; communications on daily news or on current events that are press information; official documents (laws, decisions, decrees, etc.) as well as their official translations; state emblems and signs (flags, coats of arm (armorial bearings), medals (decorations), monetary signs, etc.); results obtained by technical means without the intervention of human creative activity.
{{PD-Saudi Arabia}} – photos, films, sound and artistic works 25 years after publication, starting from the publication date.
{{PD-Saudi Arabia Gov}} - laws and judicial judgments, decisions of administrative bodies, international agreements and all official documents, as well as the official translations thereof
{{PD-AustrianGov}} – for parts of laws, ordinances or official decrees issued by an Austrian federal or state authority and for works of those authorities intended predominantly for official use.
{{PD-StVZVO}} – for road signs published in ordinances or other regulations.
{{PD-AZ-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, court decisions, other texts of legislative, administrative or judicial character) and official translations thereof; State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs and other State symbols and official signs); works of folklore, which have no signs of Article 5 of this law; communications concerning events and facts that have informational character.
{{President.az}} – The permission letter from the Press Secretary for the President of Azerbaijan is available here:
The are no restrictions on the full or partial use of textual, photographic, video and audio material featured on the official website of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the media outlets, internet resources and information carriers. This also applies to television channels, radio stations, newspapers, magazines, scientific publications and encyclopedias (including online encyclopedias).
All materials on the website are available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
{{PD-Bangladesh}} - for photographs and films 60 years starting from the end of the year it was produced; for other works 60 years after the death of the author, or last-surviving author.
{{PD-BY-exempt}} – for formal documents (laws, judgements, other texts of legal, administrative and judicial nature), and also their official translations; state symbols and signs (flag, coat of arms, anthem, awards, banknotes and other signs); works of folk arts, authors of which are not known.
{{PD-Belarus}} – for works 50 years after the author's (or last-surviving co-author) death or 50 years after the first legal publication of the work published under pseudonym or anonymously.
Simplified flowchart for licensing in the context of Brazil
{{PD-BrazilGov}} – for works published or commissioned by a Brazilian government (federal, state, or municipal) prior to 1983, or the text of a treaty, convention, law, decree, regulation, judicial decision, or other official enactment.
{{PD-Brazil-media}} – for Brazilian photographs and audiovisual works first published more than 70 years ago.
{{PD-Brazil-URAA}} – for Brazilian photographic works published/created before 1998, whose author died before 1936, or anonymous works published before 1936.
{{PD-BR-1935}} – for Brazilian audiovisual works created before 1936 that entered the public domain 60 years after creation.
{{PD-BH-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright under Bosnia and Herzegovina law (“ideas, plans, …, official texts, …, professional reports, …” – see license template for details)
{{PD-Cambodia}} - Works where the (last surviving) author has been dead for over 50 years. Collective, anonymous, pseudonymous or collective audio-visual works 75 years after creation or publication.[2003 Article 30–31]
{{PD-CambodiaGov}} - ineligible for copyright because it is one of: "Constitution, Law, Royal Decree, Sub-Decree, ... other Regulation, ... Proclamation (Prakas), decision, certificate, other instructed circulars issued by state organizations" and "Court decision or other court warrants" including translations thereof or "Idea, formality, method of operation, concept, principle, discovery or mere data, even if expressed, described, explained or embodied in any work."[2003 Article 10]
{{PD-Canada}} – for Government images and other works first published over 50 years ago, photographs created before 1949 and works where the author died before 1972.
{{PD-Canada-anon}} – for works where the author or authors are unknown, and the work was published before 1970 or created before 1945
{{PD-Colombia}} – generally 80 years after the author's death or 80 years after publication of audiovisual works, collective works and anonymous works. In all cases where a work has as its owner a legal entity or an official body or any institution under government public law, the term of protection shall be deemed to be 70 years as from the date of publication.
{{PD-Croatia}} – for works whose author died before 1949 or published before 1949 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 1999).
{{PD-Denmark}} – for "photographic works of art" in the public domain according to Danish law.
{{PD-Denmark50}} – for "photographic images not considered to display artistic merit or originality" that were created before 1 January 1970.
{{PD-DenmarkGov}} – for "acts, administrative orders, legal decisions and similar official documents," but not "works appearing as independent contributions in the [aforementioned] documents."
{{DGA map}} – for media in either full extent or partially based in Danish Geodata Agency open public geographic data. This tag does not preclude use of other copyright tags.
{{Statistics Denmark}} – for media in either full extent or partially based on information from Statistics Denmark. This tag does not preclude use of other copyright tags.
{{PD-DK-expired}} – for works where all authors have been dead for 70 years, which is the maximum amount of copyright allowed according to the 2023 law.
{{PD-Djibouti}} – for works made in Djibouti whose copyright has expired (50 years after author's death, or 25 years after creation for photographic works, see details in the template). The Republic of Djibouti being the successor state of French Somaliland (Côte française des Somalis) and the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, this applies to works published in those territories as well.
{{PD-Slovenia}} – for works whose author died before 1954 or published before 1954 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 1995).
{{PD-Slovenia-exempt}} – for non-protected creations in Slovenia (ideas, principles, discoveries; official legislative, administrative and judicial texts; folk literary and artistic creations.)
{{PD-La Moncloa}} – for content from www.lamoncloa.gob.es which was selected or coordinated by the Secretary of State for Communications (only valid for images uploaded before 26 November 2012)
{{PD-US-no notice advertisement}} – any advertisement published in the U.S. prior to 1978 in a collective work without a copyright notice specific to the advertisement
{{PD-US-1978-89}} – published in the United States between 1978 and March 1, 1989 but with neither copyright notice nor registration within 5 years
{{PD-USGov-NIH-NIAID}} – for public domain images from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
{{PD-USGov-NIH-NIAID-Videos}} – for public domain images from a list of public domain videos of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
{{PD-USGov-NCBI-scienceprimer}} – per a imatges en domini públic del National Center for Biotechnology Information's Science Primer.
{{PD-USGov-PHS}} – for public domain images from the United States Public Health Service.
Department of Homeland Security
{{PD-USGov-DHS}} – per a imatges en domini públic del Department of Homeland Security .
{{PD-USCG}} – for public domain images from the U.S. Coast Guard.
{{PD-USGov-FEMA}} – per a imatges en domini públic de la Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Department of Housing and Urban Development
{{PD-USGov-HUD}} – for public domain images from the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
{{PD-USGov-NASA-AP|mission=mission|roll=roll|frame=frame}} – Dades de http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/. Els paràmetres són codis fotogràfics. Nota, aquest no és un senyal de llicència, només d'informació de l'origen.
{{PD-LOC-911}} – for the 250 images from the Collection of unattributed photographs of the September 11th terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, New York City.
Work of Organized Territories has less clear status; the first link in this section shows strong evidence that Puerto Rico's works are in the public domain, while the second link prevaricates. Flags and coats of arms seem to follow the same laws as the US[3]
{{PD-EE-exempt}} – copyright does not apply to works of folklore, legislation and administrative documents, court decisions and official translations thereof; official symbols of the state and insignia of organizations. Freedom of panorama in Estonia is restricted to non-commercial uses only, or to overview photos.
{{PD-Ethiopia}} – copyright term is generally 50 years after the author's death, or from the making of an audiovisual work or communication of said work to the public, whichever date is the latest. Copyright of a photographic work is 25 years from the making of the work.[410/2004 Article 20/1,7,8]
{{PD-Philippines}} – for public domain Philippine images whose copyrights expired or released into the public domain.
{{PD-PhilippinesGov}} – for works of the government of the Philippines exempted from copyright as stated by Republic Act No. 8293.
{{PD-PhilippinesPubDoc}} – for works that are derived from a public document, as stated at Section 175 of Republic Act. No. 8293.
{{WorkDepicted-PD-PhilippinesGov}} – for images that depict a work of the government of the Philippines exempted from copyright as stated by Republic Act No. 8293.
{{PD-France}} – Public domain because the author(s) died more than 70 years ago and did not benefit from any copyright extension, or it is an anonymous, pseudonymous or collective work and more than 70 years have passed since its publication, or it is the recording of an audiovisual or musical work already in the public domain, and more than 50 years have passed since the performance or the recording.
{{PD-JORF}} – Per a texts legals oficials publicats al Diari Oficial de la República Francesa (Journal officiel de la République Française), o reproduïts a Légifrance. Nota: no tots els texts de Légifrance estan fora de copyright, molts altres tenen un copyright de llicències lliures i de vegades tenen llicències no lliures.
{{PD-JORF-nor-conso}} – amb el NOR (número de registre) i l'índex del text consolidat.
{{PD-ID-France}} – Ineligible for copyright and therefore in the public domain because it is a legally valid French identity photograph.
{{PD-GE-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, decisions of courts, other texts of administrative and normative character), as well as their official translations; official symbols of state (flag, emblem, anthem, award, monetary symbols, other official signs and symbols of state); information of events and facts.
{{PD-Georgia}} – for works first published in Georgia and now in the public domain because a copyright protection has expired by virtue of the Law of Georgia on Copyright and Neighboring Rights.
{{PD-Haiti}} – General copyright protection last for 60 years.[2005 Article 20–24] Photographic works are protected for 25 years after the end of the year the work was created.[2005 Article 25]
{{PD-Yemen}} – details are provided by the template. This also applies to old works published in the former states of Aden Settlement, Aden Province, Aden Colony, Aden Protectorate, the Federation of South Arabia and the People's Republic of Yemen, as Yemen is the successor state of these states.
{{PD-India}} – India public domain images and sounds, 60 years after the end of the year of first publication for anonymous and government works and a few other categories, provided that the subject matter of the photo or recording is also not protected by copyright. Otherwise public domain 60 years after the author's death.
{{PD-India-photo-1958}} – Photographs created before 1958 are in the public domain 50 years after creation.
{{PD-India-URAA}} – For work that is public domain in the United States because it was first published in India (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days) and it was first published before 1978 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities or after 1978 without copyright notice and it was in the public domain in its home country India on the URAA date January 1, 1996.
{{EdictGov-India}} – *{{EdictGov-India}} - informació per a ús públic sota la Right to Information Act és en domini públic. Normalment són els webs amb extensió *.gov.in i *.nic.in.
Works by the Government of India can be uploaded under {{GODL-India}} (central government only, not state governments).
{{PD-TamilGov}} – Work in the public domain because it was nationalized by Tamil Nadu Government and released into the Public Domain.
{{PD-IDGov}} – for works published and/or distributed by the government of Republic of Indonesia and fulfills the conditions of Article 43 of the 2014 Copyright Law on copyrights., see Commons:Sobre les llicències
{{PD-IDOld-Art58}} – for works whose copyright has expired according to Article 58 of the 2014 Copyright Law
{{PD-IDOld-Art59}} – for works whose copyright has expired according to Article 59 of the 2014 Copyright Law
{{PD-IDUnknown}} – for works by unknown authors whose copyright has expired according to section (2) and (3) from Articles 60 of the 2014 Copyright Law
{{PD-IDNoCopyright}} – no copyright according to Article 42 of the 2014 Copyright Law
{{PD-Israel}} – according to Israel's copyright law, works are released to the public domain 70 years after their author's death, starting from January 1st which occurs after the date of death. Photographs taken before May 2008 are released to the public domain 50 years after their creation, starting from January 1st which occurs after the day in which the photograph was taken. Photographs taken by a public authority (i.e. the government and its affiliated bodies) are released to public domain 50 years after their publication, starting from January 1st which occurs after the date of the first publication. According to the new Israeli copyright law, effective since May 2008, photographs are no longer an exception, and are released to the public domain 70 years after their photographer's death, unless taken by a public authority in which case the previous arrangement remains.
{{PD-IsraelGov}} – specific for the expiration of the State of Israel's copyrights (also included in the last section of {{tl:PD-Israel}})
{{Insignia-Israel}} – for flag, emblems, coats of arms or some other official symbol which were declared a protected symbol in Israel.
{{FoP-Israel}} - "Broadcasting, or copying by way of photography, drawing, sketch or similar visual description, of an architectural work, a work of sculpture or work of applied art, are permitted where the aforesaid work is permanently situated in a public place."
{{PD-Yugoslavia}} – Generally 50 years after the author's death, with the exception of photographs or a works of applied art, respectively 25 years since published. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, there are different regulations for the successor states:
{{PD-YugoslaviaGov}} – The copyright was owned by the federal authorities of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, whose assets are now held jointly by its successor states:
{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} – for Japanese photos published before 31 December 1956, or photographed before 1946 and not published for 10 years.
{{PD-Japan}} – for Japanese non-photographic works 50 years after the death of the creator (there being multiple creators, the creator who dies last), or 50 years after publication for anonymous or pseudonymous authors. Valid for works whose author died before 1968.
{{PD-Japan-organization}} – for images of the works in names of organizations/companies/corporations 50 years after the publication. Valid for works by the name of organizations which were published before 1968.
{{GJSTU1}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Version 1.0).
{{GJSTU-2.0}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Ver.2.0); compatible with CC BY 4.0.
Non-copyright tags:
{{FoP-Japan}} may be added to a picture that includes architectural works, which are allowed under the "freedom of panorama" rule, but other tags should be given to show the picture's copyright status in Japan and the United States.
{{AerialPhotograph-mlitJP}} – The copyright holder, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, allows anyone to use the image for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed.
{{PD-KZ-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, court decisions and other texts of a legislative, administrative, judicial or diplomatic nature) together with official translations thereof, state emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs and other State symbols and official signs), works of folklore, communications concerning events and facts that have an informational character.
{{PD-KG-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, resolutions, decisions, etc.) as well as official translations thereof; State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, orders, monetary signs and etc.); Works of folklore; Information on the news of the day or information on the current events that are of the common press-information character; The results obtained with the help of technical means for the production of a certain type without creative activity of a man directly targeted for creation of an individual work (as amended by Law #120 from November 6, 1999).
{{PD-LT-exempt}} – for official Lithuanian State symbols and insignia (flags, coats-of-arms, anthems, banknote designs, and other State symbols and insignia).
{{PD-old-70}} – for works where the author died more than 70 years ago
{{PD-Lebanon}} – photos and two dimensional artistic works 50 years after publication, starting from the end of the publication year after which attribution is still required forever.
{{PD-Mongolia}} – applies to works first published in Mongolia: applied art 25 years after publication. Other works 50 years after the author's death. Anonymous and pseudonymous works and works created by legal persons 50 years after publication.
{{PD-Namibia}} – photos, films and computer programs 50 years after publication, starting from the end of the publication year. Other works 50 years after the author's death.
a) anonymous work or pseudonymous work – after 50 years from the date of its publication;
b) work created on payment of remuneration at the initiation or direction of any person or organization – 50 years from the date of its publication;
c) photographic work or work of applied art – 25 years from the year of its creation;
d) other work – 50 years from the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author)
As per the Nepal Copyright Act, 2002, any thought, religion, process, concept, principle, court judgement, administrative decision, methods of operation, folk song, folk tale, proverb and general data is not protected.[8/2002 Section 4]
{{PD-Statens vegvesen}} – for Norwegian road signs from the website of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (Statens vegvesen)[6]
{{PD-Norway50}} – Norwegian photos not considered to be "works of art" 50 years after they were created, provided that the author died more than 15 years ago or is unknown
{{PD-Norway70}} – Images considered to be "works of art" become public domain 70 years after the author's death or publication if the author is unknown.
{{PD-Pakistan}} – for public domain works first published in Pakistan. According to Pakistani copyright laws, all photographs enter the public domain fifty years after they were published, and all non-photographic works enter the public domain fifty years after the death of the creator.
{{PD-NL-gemeentewapen}} – for coats of arms of (no longer existing) municipalities, provinces and the country itself
{{PD-NL-gemeentevlag}} – for flags of (no longer existing) municipalities, provinces and the country itself
{{PD-NL-Gov}} (deprecated) – for all works communicated to the public by or on behalf of the public authorities (government), unless the copyright has been reserved explicitly, either in a general manner by law, decree or ordinance, or in a specific case by a notice on the work itself or at the communication to the public
The following are copyright tags/ templates for UK works. If you are uploading a UK-based work to Commons, please find the corresponding tag and add it to the licensing information for the item you are uploading (copy and paste, if you like). When you then save the file, these tags will expand to produce and appropriate text for that kind of license.
{{PD-Britannica}} – for images from the 12th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica or earlier.
{{PD-UKGov}} – per a imatges generades pel govern del Regne Unit (Crown Copyright) amb els drets que han expirat (normalment treballs creats fa més de 50 anys).
{{OldOS}} – per a mapes d'Ordnance Survey de fa més de 50 anys.
{{OS OpenData}} – this tag is for Ordnance Survey maps published in the UK.
{{PD-Britannica}}– images from the 12th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica or earlier.
{{PD-UKGov}}– UK Crown copyright images where copyright has expired (typically works created prior to 1974)
{{OldOS}}– Ordnance Survey maps published in the UK over 50 years ago.
The UK's Open Government Licence (OGL) is a simple set of terms and conditions that facilitates the re-use of a wide range of public sector information free of charge. Since 2010, almost all information owned by the UK Crown is offered for use and re-use under the Open Government Licence. The licence is also used by other bodies, including local government.
The Open Parliament License (OPL) facilitates the free use of material made available by the House of Commons or the House of Lords in which copyright or database right subsists. Almost all material produced by Parliament and its committees is governed by the Open Parliament License.
{{PD-ROC-Traffic Signs}} – for Taiwanese traffic signs from the website of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications.[9]
{{PD-ROC-Traffic Markings}} – for Taiwanese traffic markings from the website of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications.[9]
{{OGDL}} – for data released by government agency, government-owned business, public school and administrative legal entity and offered for use and re-use under the Open Government Data License, version 1.0.
{{GWOIA}} – for information obtained from the websites of government agency, government-owned business, public school and administrative legal entity in Taiwan that includes the Government Website Open Information Announcement.
{{PD-MD-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, court decisions, etc.) or to the official translations thereof, state emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.), folklore expressions, daily news and facts of simple informational nature.
{{PD-Moldova}} – Moldovan or Soviet work first published in USSR or Moldova and in the public domain because its copyright has expired: photographic or cinematographic work and fifty years have passed since the year of its production, or another type of work and fifty years have passed since the year of the creator's death.
{{PD-Democratic Republic of the Congo}} – for all anonymous or pseudonymous works published 50 years ago, or 50 years have passed since the death of the author, or it is a photograph and 25 years have passed since publication, or it is an "official act of authority" and ineligible for copyright protection.
{{PD-RO-exempt}} – for: (a) the ideas, theories, concepts, scientific discoveries, procedures, working methods, or mathematical concepts as such and inventions, contained in a work, whatever the manner of the adoption, writing, explanation or expression thereof; (b) official texts of a political, legislative, administrative or judicial nature, and official translations thereof; (c) official symbols of the State, public authorities and organizations, such as armorial bearings, seals, flags, emblems, shields, badges and medals; (d) means of payment; (e) news and press information; (f) simple facts and data; (g) the photographs of letters, deeds, documents of any kind, technical drawings and other similar papers.
{{PD-RO-photo}} – for: (a) photographs series taken before 1986; (b) photographs taken before 1991.
{{PD-RO-1956}} – for: (a) encyclopedias, dictionaries, corpora issued before 1976; (b) artistic photographs series taken before 1986; (c) artistic photographs taken before 1991.
{{PD-Romania}} – for: works which have expired in Romania prior to 1996 (usually prior to 1946) under the terms specified in the 1956 law
{{PD-user-ro|username}} – for works released into the public domain by their creators when the creators are Romanian Wikipedia users.
Since January 1, 2008, intellectual property rights are regulated by Russian law 230-FL of 2006: Part IV of the Civil Code, together with the Russian law 231-FL of 2006: Implementation act for Part IV of the Civil Code. This new law replaced all previous IP laws in Russia.
{{PD-RusEmpire}} for works that was published on territory of the Russian Empire (Russian Republic) except for territories of the Grand Duchy of Finland and Congress Poland before 7 November 1917 and wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications on the territory of the Soviet Russia or any other states.
{{PD-Russia-1996}} - This work is in the public domain both in Russia and USA because:
The author died before January 1, 1942.
The author died between January 1, 1942 and January 1, 1946, did not work during the Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of World War II) and did not participate in it.
The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication.
The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym between January 1, 1943 and January 1, 1946, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication.
The work is non-amateur cinema or television film (or shot, or fragment from it), which was first shown between January 1, 1929 and January 1, 1946.
{{PD-RU-exempt}} for state symbols and signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs and other State symbols and official signs) of Russian Federation.
{{PD-Brockhaus&Efron}} – for images from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890–1907).
For works first published not only in the RSFSR but in one of the other SSRs too, or simultaneously in various republics of Soviet Union, see the corresponding successor state of the Soviet Union. For instance, for a Soviet work first published in the Ukrainian SSR, see the entry Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Ukraine:Copyright tags. ({{PD-Ukraine}}, in this case.)
{{PD-Sweden-photo}} – for images taken by unknown Swedish photographers before 1954 and for public domain photographic images, not photographic work, of Swedish origin taken before 1974
{{PD-Ugglan}} – for images from the 2nd edition of Nordisk familjebok (Sweden, 1904–1926)
{{PD-Nordens Flora}} – for images from Nordens Flora (Sweden, Author: C. A. M. Lindman, 1917–1926).
{{PD-SFJ}} – for images from Svenska Familj-Journalen (1864–1887)
{{PD-Sjöfartsverket}} – for Swedish maritime fairway sign produced by the Swedish Maritime Administration.[11]
{{PD-Sweden-URL9}} – for reproductions of law, decision, or report issued by a Swedish public authority (svensk myndighet) or an official translation of such a text.
{{PD-Switzerland-official}} – per a documents oficials suïssos, monedes o patents. Vegeu la plantilla per a més detalls.
{{PD-Coa-Switzerland}} – for coat of arms of a Swiss Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts (corporation governed by public law).
{{PD-Switzerland-photo}} –per a fotografies publicades per primera vegada a Suïssa que no tenen un caràcter individual tal com es requerit per llei per a que els drets siguin reservats. Vegeu la plantilla per a més detalls, però useu-la només en casos obvis ja que un pot estar raonablement en desacord sobre la individualitat de la imatge.
In Switzerland copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the author with the exception of computer programs, the protection of which ends 50 years after the death of the author.
{{PD-SerbiaGov}} – for public domain Serbian official works, state symbols, stamps, money etc.
{{PD-Serbia}} – for works whose author died before 1954 or published before 1954 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 2004)
{{PD-SCGGov}} – for public domain Serbian-Montenegro official works, state symbols, stamps, money etc.
{{PD-Syria}} – Under the 2001 law, photographic work was protected for 10 years starting from the production date. As Syria Joined Berne Convention on November 2004, photographic works produced starting from 1994 should be protected for 25 years starting from the production date (minimum protection period set by Berne Convention). Under the 2013 law, protection is for the author's life + 50 years. Photographic work produced before 1994 is public domain.
{{PD-TJ-exempt}} – for formal documents (laws, judgements, other texts of legal, administrative and judicial nature), and also their official translations; state symbols and signs (flags, coats of arms, awards, banknotes and so on); communications concerning events and facts that have informational character; works of folk arts
{{PD-Thailand}} – for works from Thailand, which have different copyright terms depending on type, usually 50 years after the creator's death or 50 years after publication.
{{PD-TH-exempt}} – for works ineligible for copyright in Thailand, including laws and official government documents.
The Tunisian law n°94-36 of February 24, 1994 on literary and artistic property stipulates that:
Copyright shall subsist for the lifetime of the author and for 50 Gregorian years counted from January 1 of the year following the author's death…
In the case of works of joint authorship, the date of the death of the last surviving author…
In the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works, copyright shall subsist for 50 years as from the date on which the work has been lawfully made available to the public…
In the case of photographic works, copyright shall only subsist for 25 Gregorian years as from the year during which the work was made.
{{PD-Ukraine}} is in effect towards works first published before January 1, 1951, and the creator (if known) died before that date). This is the effect of the retroactive Ukrainian copyright law of 1993 and the copyright from 50 to 70 years in 2001.). The final conclusion is #.4 in Chapter VI Ukrainian Copyright Law:
#.4. It shall be established that as from the day on which this Law enters into force, the terms of copyright protection, stipulated in Article 28 of this Law and parts 1 and 2 of Article 44 of this Law, shall apply in all cases where the 50-year period of copyright validity after the author's death or the period of validity of related rights has not expired prior to the date of entry into force of this Law.
A Ukrainian or Soviet work that is in the public domain in Ukraine according to this rule is in the public domain in the U.S. only if it was in the public domain in Ukraine in 1995, e.g. if it was published before 1945 and the creator died before that year, and no copyright was registered in the U.S. This is the combined effect of the retroactive Ukrainian copyright law, Ukraine's joining the Berne Convention in 1995, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.[12]
{{PD-UA-exempt}} for daily news or details of current events that constitute regular press information; works of folk art (folklore); official documents of a political, legislative or administrative nature (laws, decrees, resolutions, court awards, State standards, etc.) issued by government authorities within their powers, and official translations thereof; State symbols of Ukraine, government awards; symbols and signs of government authorities, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations; symbols of territorial communities; symbols and signs of enterprises, institutions and organizations; bank notes; transport schedules, TV and radio broadcast schedules, telephone directories and other similar databases that do not meet the originality criteria and to which the sui generis right (a particular or special right) is applicable. Also for representation of an civil award or decoration of the government of Ukraine.
{{PD-UAGovDoc}} for official documents of a political, legislative or administrative nature (laws, decrees, resolutions, court awards, State standards, etc.) issued by government authorities within their powers, and official translations thereof.
{{PD-UAexMilitary}} for works of a Ukrainian military or Ministry of Defense if it is symbol or sign of government authorities, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations.
{{PD-UZ-exempt}} – for official documents (law, resolutions, decisions, etc.) as well as their official translations; official symbols and signs (flags, arms, orders, banknotes, etc.); national creative works; reports about the news of the day or current events having the nature of usual press conference; results received with help of equipment designed for some kind of production without the person's implementation of creative activity directly associated with the creation of individual work.[LRU-476/2018 Article 8]
{{PD-Uzbekistan}} – for works in the public domain according to Uzbekistanian law (70 years after the author's death).[LRU-476/2021 Article 35]
{{PD-Venezuela}} – generally 60 years after the author's death with the exception of audiovisual works, broadcast works and computer programs, in which case the protection lasts for 60 years after publication.
{{PD-VenezuelaGov}} – for the "texts of laws, decrees, official regulations, public treaties, judicial decisions and other official acts", and the "intellectual products generated under an employment relationship in the public sector — or financed through public funds".
{{PD-Vietnam}} – all photographs enter the public domain fifty years after they were first published, and all non-photographic works enter the public domain fifty years after the death of the creator.
{{PD-VietnamGov}} – for legal text documents, administrative text documents by the government and official translations, as well as other documents mentioned in the Not protected section. Do not use this for images and logos.
{{PD-South VietnamGov}} — The government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam maintains that between 2 September 1945 and 2 July 1976 only the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of South Vietnam were legitimate governments and sees works issued by rival governments as illegal.
Older (1912–1949) works published within the jurisdiction of the Republic of China
{{PD-ROC-Provisional Government Gazette}} – for the Provisional Government Gazette from 29 January to 5 April 1912 by the Nanking Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912) [3]
{{PD-ROC-Government Gazette}} – for the Government Gazette from May 1912 to June 1928 by the Beiyang Government of the Republic of China [4]
{{PD-ROC-Military Government Gazette}} – for the Military Government Gazette from 17 September 1917 to 14 May 1918 by the Southern Government of the Republic of China [5]
{{PD-ROC-Generalissimo Government Gazette}} – for the Generalissimo Government Gazette from 30 January 1922 to 20 May 1925 by the Southern Generalissimo Government of the Republic of China [6]
{{PD-Zimbabwe}} – photographs 50 years starting from the end of publication year, other works 50 years starting from the end of the year, in which the author died.
